報告書番号

Y96006

タイトル（和文）

日本企業の海外進出に伴う貿易構造の変化－製造業についての実証分析－

タイトル（英文）

CHARGES IN TRADE STRUCTURE:IMPACTS OF OVERSEAS ADVANCE ON JAPANESE MANUFACTURES

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

近年の日本企業の海外進出と貿易構造の変化について調査分析し，海外進出の貿易構造に及ぼす影響を実証分析によって明らかにした。その主要な結果は次の通りである。（１）海外生産比率は，特に，アジア，北米地域での電機，輸送機械で伸びが顕著である。また，在アジアの現地法人は産業内貿易を活発化させている。貿易構造は地域別では東アジア，商品別では資本材のウエイトが急速に拡大している。（２）輸出および輸入のＧＤＰ弾性値は機械類ではともに１を上回っている。輸入のＧＤＰ弾性値は対アジアでは対北米の２倍の高さである。海外生産の影響については，特に対アジアの電機貿易において大きく，１９９０～９４年間ではその貿易黒字額の増分の７９％が海外生産要因，２７％が所得要因によるものである。現在までのところ，対アジアの電機貿易では海外生産の輸出誘発効果が大きく，日本企業のアジアへの進出は貿易黒字要因となっている。

概要 （英文）

AFTER THE MID 1980S, THE STRONG YEN PROMOTEDOVERSEAS PRODUCTION BY JAPANESE FIRMS AND CHANGED THE JAPANESE TRADE STRUCTURE. THIS PAPER ANALYZES RECENT TRENDS IN OVERSEAS PRODUCTION, EXPORTS AND IMPORTS, AND THE IMPACTS OF OVERSEAS PRODUCTION ON THE TRADE STRUCTURE. THE MAIN RESULTS ARE SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOWS: 1. ANALYSIS OF OVERSEAS PRODUCTION AND TRADE STRUCTURE SHOWED:(1)THE RATIO OF JAPANESE MANUFACTURER S OVERSEAS PRODUCTION TO DOMESTIC PRODUCTION WAS 2.9% IN 1980, RISING TO 8.6% IN 1994. IN PARTICULAR,PRODUCTION OF ELECTRIC AND TRANSPORTATION MACHINERY IN ASIA AND NORTH AMERICA INCREASED REMARKABLY IN THIS PERIOD.(2)ACTIVE INTRA-INDUSTRY TRADE IS OBSERVED BETWEEN JAPAN AND AFFILIATED COMPANIES IN ASIA.(3)IN JAPANESE TRADE STRUCTURE, THE SHARE OF ASIAN COUNTRIES IS GROWING, AND THE LEADING EXPORTS ARE SHIFTINGFROM DURABLE GOODS TO CAPITAL GOODS. 2. ESTIMATION OF EXPORT AND IMPORT FUNCTIONS SHOWED THE FOLLOWING RESULTS:(1)INCOME(GDP)ELASTICITIES OF MACHINERY EXPORTS TO ASIA ARE LESS THAN HALF OF THOSE TO NORTH AMERICA,BUT EXCEED 1.0. THE INCOME ELASTICITIES OF MACHINERY IMPORTS FROM ASIAEXCEED 1.0, TWICE THOSE FROM NORTH AMERICA.(2)IN TERMS OF OVERSEAS PRODUCTION EFFECTS, SOME STRONG IMPACTS ARE OBSERVED IN PARTICULAR REGIOS AND SECTORS. FIRST, IN THE CASE OF MATERIALS AND ELECTRIC-MACHINERY EXPORTS TO ASIA AND GENERAL-MACHINERY EXPORTS TO NORTH AMERICA, THE ASSOCIATED EXPORTS EFFECTS ARE BIGGER THAN THE EXPORT-DISPLACEMENT EFFECTS. SECOND, IN THE CASE OF ELECTRIC MACHINERY IMPORTS FROM ASIA, THE RE-IMPORT EFFECT IS LARGE ENOUGH TO INCREASE JAPANESE IMPORTS OF THOSE GOODS. 3. FACTOR DECOMPOSITION ANALYSIS OF THE JAPANESE TRADE SURPLUS SHOWS THAT STRONG OVERSEAS PRODUCTION EFFECTS ARE OBSERVED IN THE ELECTRIC-MACHINERY TRADE BETWEEN JAPAN AND ASIAN COUTRIES. ACCORDING TO OUR CALCULATION, 79% OF THE TRADE SURPLUS IS DUE TO OVERSEAS PRODUCTION EFFECTS AND27% IS DUE TO INCOME EFFECTS.

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