報告書番号

Y98020

タイトル（和文）

知識資本の蓄積と生産性・国際競争力 -G5諸国に関する実証分析-

タイトル（英文）

Knowledge Capital, Productivity and Competitiveness: An Empirical Evidence for G5 Countries

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

今後の先進国経済の経済成長は、物的資本や熟練労働による大量生産の成長図式から、知識社会時代に相応しい研究開発を軸とした知識依存型成長にむかうと予想される。本報告は、日米欧の主要先進国経済を対象に、1975年～1995年にかけてのTFP（全要素生産性、広義の技術進歩率）を製造業について22部門別に計測し、これと研究開発との関係、国際競争力との関係について実証分析を行った。分析結果によれば、日本の製造業の米国へのキャッチアップは80年代にはほぼ停滞し、90年代前半期ではむしろ対米格差が拡大傾向にある。とくに、ハイテク部門の日本のパフォーマンス低下の背景には、知識資本の生産性、技術進歩へのインパクトが低下していることが判明した。

概要 （英文）

Technological change is a major driving force for long-run economic growth. New theories on growth have stressed the importance of innovative and adaptive capacity of firms in order to fully reap the benefits of research and development (R&D) within the firms as well as those done by elsewhere. This paper empirically investigates empirical relationships between R&D and productivity as well as those between productivity and industrial competitiveness for G5 countries. To do so, we constructed comparable data on R&D capital stock (so-called “knowledge capital”), the level and growth of TFP, and the revealed comparative advantage (RCA) index for 22 manufacturing industries for each country.The major results are summarized as follows. First, the volume of knowledge capital for Japan is still far smaller than that of the US (40% for total manufacturing). Second, there is no clear tendency in TFP convergence after 1980 and its level for Japan is about 70% of the US in 1993. The divergence of the TFP level between Japan and the US is recently serious for high-tech sector. Third, the measured R&D elasticities on TFP are 0.08 for Japan and 0.19 for the US, suggesting deteriorating R&D potency of Japanese manufacturing. The magnitude of the R&D impact is also large for high-technology sector between Japan and the US. Fourth, we found that international competitiveness in industries depends not only on relative TFP and exchange rate fluctuation, but also on various non-price factors.

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