報告書番号

481016

タイトル（和文）

環境ストレスに対する植物生体反応の連続的測定法の開発

タイトル（英文）

DEVELOPMENT OF CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENTS OF PLANT RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

大気汚染物，電界などのほか気象環境要素の植物に対する影響を経時的に評価する方法の開発を目的として，蒸散速度との関係が認められる「葉温」，蒸散速度と吸水速度との相互関係と関連する「茎径変化」，「光」，「温度」，「電気的刺激」，毒物および物質代謝の変化の影響が現われる「組織間の電位差変動」ならびに，生体組織の構造，成分組成との関係が推察される「受動的電気特性」の連続的測定法の開発，改良を行った。さらに，それぞれの植物生体反応測定を行い，実験結果の再現性が高いことを確かめた。

概要 （英文）

IN ORDER TO DEVELOP A METHOD OF CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS FOR ESTIMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AND/OR AIR POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON PLANTS,WE IMPROVED THE CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENTS OF LEAF TEMPERATURE,STEM DIAMETER AND ELECTRICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANTS. THE LEAF TEMPERATURES WERE MEASURED WITH A INFRAREDTHERMOMETER OR COPPER-CONSTANTAN THERMOCOUPLES OF 0.1MM IN DIAMETER,THEY WERE SENSITIVE TO WATER POTENTIAL STATUS,WHEN EXPOSUED TO EACH CARBON DIOXIDE GAS(1200PPM) AND OZONE GAS(0.5PPM).SPECIMEN OF PHASEOLUS VULGARIS WAS USED IN THIS STUDY.ANALYSIS OF DATA ON CYCLE OF LEAF TEMPERATURES WERE CARRIED OUT AS A CHANGE OF SPECTRUM AND MINIMA OF CYCLES. THE CHANGES OF STEM DIAMETER IN RELATION TO PLANT WATER STATUS WERE MEASURED WITH USE OF ELECTRICAL STRAIN GAUGES.THE PHASE CHARACTERISTICS OF THESHRINKING AND SWELLING BETWEEN TWO MEASURED POINTS ON A STEM(42CM DISTANCE) SHOWED SIMILARITIES.THOSE BEHAVIOURS,HOWEVER,WERE AFFECTED BY MEASURED TIME OF DAY AND GROWTH STAGE,EVEN THOUGH UNDER CONTROLLED THE CONSTANT CONDITION IN GROWTH CHAMBER(POPULUSNIGRA AND CITRUS UNSHIU). THE PHOTO-ELECTRIC RESPONSES BETWEEN LEAF OR LEAF CUSION AND HYPOCOTYL WEREMEASURED WITH THE IMPROVED ELECTRODES.THE ELECTRODES CONSISTED OF SILVER OR PLATINUM WIRE OF 0.3MM, WERE GLUED ON A LEAF,LEAF CUSHION AND HYPOCOTYL WITH GELATIN PASTE THAT WAS MADE UP BY DISSOLVING GELATIN INTO RINGEL S SOLUTION.THIS SIMPLE MEASURING METHOD ENABLED CONTINUOUS MEASUREMENT OF ELECTRIC RESISTANCE AND POTENTIAL FOR A LONG TERM(ABOUT SEVEN DAYS).BY SUCH A METHOD,WE OBSERVED THAT THE CHANGES OF POTENTIAL DIFFERENCE BETWEEN LEAF AND HYPOCOTYL HAD PARALLEL RELATION TO THE AIR TEMPERATURE VARIATION IN THE DARK CONDITIONS,WHILE,IN THE DAYLIGHT CONDITIONS,THE ELECTRICAL CHANGES HAD UNTIPARALLEL RELATION(PHASEOLUS VULGARIS).

報告者

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