報告書番号

482016

タイトル（和文）

太陽エネルギーの生物化学的変換－水の光分解と湿式太陽電池－

タイトル（英文）

BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL CONVERSION OF SOLAR ENERGY

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

本報告は近年発展してきた光合成をモデルとする太陽エネルギーによる水の光分解システム（水素エネルギーの生産），およびこれより派生した研究である湿式太陽電池の開発状況について調査したものである。湿式太陽電池は乾式の太陽電池と較べて，■材料が安価，■製作が容易，■水の光分解が可能等の長所がある。一方，■太陽エネルギーの変換効率が劣る，■電極の溶解が生じることがある。■実用化プラントでは製品が複雑になる等の欠点がある。すなわち，エネルギーの光電変換効率では乾式電池が優るが，水の光分解反応が実用的な効率で行えば湿式太陽電池のほうが実用的価値は高い。太陽光による水の光分解反応はＰ型半導体の開発による効率の向上に期待がもたれる。

概要 （英文）

RECENTLY,THE RESEARCHES FOR PHOTOSYNTHESIS HAVE MUCH ADVANCED.HOWEVER,IT IS STILL OBSCURE IN DETAILS THAT CONCERNS WITH THE MECHANISMS OF SPLITTING WATER BY RED LIGHT. PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS COULD BE ONE OF ALTERNATIVE DEVICES TO UTILIZE SOLAR ENERGY.THEY HAVE SOME ADVANTAGES,WHEN COMPARED WITH SOLAR CELLS,I.E.,IT IS EASY TO COMPOSE THE DEVICES WHICH ARE MADE OF CHEAP METERIALS,AND THEY HAVE A POTENTIALITY OF EFFICIENT HYDROGEN PRODUCTION. SOME FAULTS ARE MADE CLEAR;THEIR EFFICIENCIES OF ENERGY CONVERSION ARE LESS THAN THE SOLAR SELLS,THE ELECTRODE ARE APT TO DISSOLVE,AND THE PRACTICAL DEVICES ARE MORE COMPLICATED THAN THE SOLAR CELLS.AS A RESULT,THE EFFICIENCIES OF SOLAR-ELECTRIC CONVERSION WITH SOLAR CELLS MAY BE SUPERIOR TO THE PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS.HOWEVER,IF EFFICIENT HYDROGEN PRODUCTION ARE ATTAINEDBY PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS,THEY WOULD BE PRACTICALLY USEFUL DEVICESRATHER THAN SOLAR CELLS. MODIFIED SEMICONDUCTORS AS ELECTRODE HAVE A BRIGHT PROSPECT,FOR THEY POTENTIALLY COMPENSATE THE FAULTS OF PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL CELLS.ENERGY CONVERSION DEVICES SUCH AS MICELLS AND VECICLESHAVE LITTLE POSSIBILITIES TO BE UTILIZED,BUT MAY BE APPLIED TO THE OTHER FIELDS. THE RESEARCHES FOR PHOTOCHEMICAL CELLS IN THE RECENT DECADE MADE THEIR ADVANTAGES AND FAULTS CLEAR WHICH ALSO SUGGESTEDTHAT THE DEVELOPMENT OF P-TYPE SEMICONDUCTORS MIGHT IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF SPLITTING WATER BY SUN LIGHT AND THAT MODIFIED SEMICONDUCTORS SHOULD BE DEEPLY INVESTIGATED.

報告者

キーワード