報告書番号

584004

タイトル（和文）

ロードマネジメントとその費用便益分析－米国における実施状況と研究の現状－

タイトル（英文）

LOAD MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

米国におけるロードマネジメントについて、実施・計画状況とその評価に用いられている手法について調査を行った。主要な調査結果は次のとおりである。■ロードマネジメントの目的は、負荷平準化の外、省エネルギーや需要開拓など様々であるが、目標とする負荷特性変化により６種のパターンに分類できる。■ロードマネジメントの手段としては様々な方式が実施・計画されているが、それらは個々の末端需要に直接働きかけるものと料金制度を介して消費者の自発的選択を誘導するものとに大別される。■米国のロードマネジメントは、省エネルギーを指向する政府の政策的誘導等を背景として、１９７０年代後半から急速に普及した。米国全体についての実施状況調査の結果を紹介するとともに、カリフォルニア州での実施状況については、特に

概要 （英文）

CURRENT PRACTICES, PLANNING PROCESSES, AND EVALUATION SYSTEMS WERE SURVEYED CONCERNING THE LOAD MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN THE UNITED STATES. FINDINGS ARE GROUPED INTO THE FOLLOWING FOUR POINTS. (1) WHILE DIVERSIFIED OBJECTIVES SUCH AS LOAD LEVELING, ENERGY CONSERVATION, AND SALES PROMOTION ARE PURSUED BY THE LOAD MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES THE U.S. ELECTRIC UTILITIES, THE TARGETS OF LOAD MANAGEMENT CANBE CLASSIFIED AS THE SIX PATTERNS OF LOAD SHAPE CHANGE: PEAK CLIPPING,VALLEY FILLING, LOAD SHIFTING, ENERGY CONSERVATION, LOAD GROWTH, AND FLEXIBLE RELIABILITY. (2) VARIOUS TECHNOLOGIES AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS UTILIZED AS LOAD MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS ARE GROUPED INTO THE TWO CATEGORIES: END-USE MANAGEMENT SUCH AS DIRECT LOAD CONTROL AND INNOVATIVE PRICING SUCH AS TIME-OF-USE RATE. (3)IMPLEMENTATION OF THE LOAD MANAGEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES BEGAN GROWING RAPIDLY IN THE LATE 1970S WITH THE SUPPORT FROM THE U.S. GOVERNMENT POLICY AIMED AT ENERGY CONSERVATION;AND SINCE THEN, LOAD MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES HAVE BEEN PROMOTED EXTENSIVELY TO COPE WITH CHANGING CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTS OF THE U.S. ELECTRIC UTILITIES. THE REPORT SUMMARIZES THE RESULTS OF UTILITY SURVEYS DONE BY THE ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE ON INNOVATIVE RATES AND END-USE PROJECTS. FOR THE LOAD MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES IN CALIFORNIA, THE RESULTS OF MORE DETAILED INVESTIGATION ARE PRESENTED. (4)COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS IS COMMONLY USED BOTH IN PRACTICE AND IN THEORY TO EVALUATE THE LOAD MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES. TWO APPROACHES FOR THE COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED: COST SAVINGS APPROACH AND WELFARE ECONOMICS APPROACH. ONE EXAMPLE OF THE COST SAVINGS APPROACH IS PRESENTED IN DETAIL BY DESCRIBING THE STANDARD PRACTICE FOR COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS WHICH IS EMPLOYEDBY THE REGULATORY AUTHORITIES IN CALIFORNIA.

報告者

キーワード