報告書番号

U90070

タイトル（和文）

石炭の生物加工－３－石炭可溶化微生物の分離と生成物質の利用方法

タイトル（英文）

BIOPROCESSING OF COAL -3- ISOLATION OF COAL-DISSOLUING MICROORGANISMS AND USE OF PRODUCT.

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

石油代替エネルギーとして重要な石炭の新利用技術開発に資するため利用の遅れている褐炭の液化・脱灰方法として応用できる可能性をもつ微生物を用いた石炭の可溶化について研究を行った。石炭及び土壌より分離された石炭可溶化微生物２８株のうち，常磐褐炭より得たＰｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍｓｐ．は過酸化水素で処理した常磐褐炭を最も速く可溶化し，約２％の石炭由来物質を含む黒色液体を生成した。この物質は酸性下で沈殿し，分子量は１０，０００以上，石炭の酸化分解物であると推定され，その灰分含量は原炭の約１／８であった。微生物により石炭から生産された黒色液体は，含有する石炭由来物質の濃度が低く，燃料としての直接利用は難しいとみられたが，界面活性作用を有するため，これをＣＷＭ（石炭水スラリー）用添加剤として使用した場合，既知のＣＷＭ用添加剤に比べ低粘度の流動性のよいＣＷＭを調製できることが判明した。

概要 （英文）

COAL IS AN IMPORTANT ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCE TO OIL. MANY STUDIES HAVE BEEN CONDUCTED ON BETTER USE OF BITUMINOUSCOAL BUT LOW-GRACLE COALS SUCH AS LIGNITE HAVE HARDLY BEEN STUDIED BECAUSE OF PROBLEMS RELATED TO LOW CALORIFIC VALUE AND RISK OF SPONTANEOUSCOMBUSTION. RECENTLY,LIGNITE HAS BEEN CONVERTED TO WATER-SOLUBLE MATERIAL BY MICROORGANISMS. THE MICROBIAL REACTION OCCURS UNDER MODERATE CONDITIONS AND THE ASH COAL REMAINS AS A SOLID. DISSOLUTION OF COAL BY MICROORGANISUMS IS EXPECTED TO LIQUEFY COAL AND REMOVE ASH AT LOW COST. MICROORGANISMS THAT CAN DISSOLVE COAL WERE ISOLATED AND THE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE PRODUCT WERE EXAMINED. 28 STRAINS OF MICROORGANISM WERE ISOLATED FROM COAL AND SOIL AT THE JOBAN COALFIELD AND A COAL-STORAGE SITE OF A COAL POWER PLANT. THEY COULD DISSOLVE JOBAN LIGNITE PRETREATED WITH10% HYDROGENPEROXIDE SOLUTION. ONE PENICILLIUM SP. STRAIN PRODUCED BLACK LIQUID FROM THE COAL MOST RAPIDLY. THE BLACK LIQUID CONTAINS COAL-DERIVED MATERIAL AT ABOUT 2%(W/VHAD A MOLECULAR WEIGHT EXCEEDING 10,000 AND WAS INSOLUBLE IN ACIDIC CONDITIONS. THE MATERIAL WAS AN OXIDISED COAL PRODUCT WITH AN ASH CONTENT OF 1/8 OF RAW COAL BECAUSE OF THE LOW CONCENTRATION,THE BLACK LIQUID COULD NOT BURN SO IT WOULD BE DIFFICULT TO USE IT DIRECTLY AS FUEL. ON THE OTHER HAND,THE PRODUCT HAD THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A HIGH-MOLECULAR-WEIGHT SURFACTANT AND IT MADE A COAL-WATER MIXTURE LESS VISCOUS SO IT MIGHT BE USED AS AN ADDITIVE FOR COAL-WATER MIXTURES.

報告者

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