報告書番号

Y94009

タイトル（和文）

発電システムのライフサイクル分析

タイトル（英文）

LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS OF POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

発電システムのライフサイクル分析をエネルギー収支，化石燃料消費，ＣＯ２排出量について行い，ＣＯ２抑制に要する費用を明らかにした。対象システムは，化石燃料，原子力および自然エネルギーに係わる発電システムで，将来の技術進歩によるエネルギー収支やＣＯ２排出量の改善効果についても検討した。

概要 （英文）

THIS STUDY PRESENTS RESULTS ON NET ENERGY AND GREENHOUSE-GAS EMISSIONS OF VARIOUS ELECTRICITY GENERATION SYSTEMS,USING A WHOLE-FUEL-CHAIN APPROACH. THESE RESULTS ARE USEFUL FOR DECISION MAKERS EVALUATING CO2 REDUCTION OPTIONS OF DIFFERENT ELECTRICITY GENERATING SYSTEMS. THE RESULTS OF THE COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT GENERATION SYSTEMS ARE SUMMARIZED AS FOLLOWS: (1)NUCLEAR AND FOSSIL-FUEL POWER SYSTEMS ARE THE DOMINANT POWER GENERATING SYSTEMS SUPPLYING HUGE AMOUNTS OF ELECTRICITY TO SUPPORT INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY. NUCLEAR POWER SYSTEMS HAVE THE LOWEST(INDIRECT)FOSSIL FUEL CONSUMPTION. APART FROM HYDROAND GEOTHERMAL POWER SYSTEMS,RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS ONLY MAKE A SMALL CONTRIBUTION TO POWER SUPPLY DUE TO THEIR LOW DENSITY AND LOW CAPACITY FACTOR. THE DIRECT CO2 EMISSIONS FROM FUEL COMBUSTION IN FOSSIL-FIREDPLANS ARE MUCH GREATER THAN THE INDIRECT CO2 EMISSIONS FROM THE TOTAL ENERGY CONSUMED DURING CONSTRUCTION AND PLANT OPERATION. (2)THE CO2 EMISSION FACTORS(CO2 EMISSIONS PER KWH)OF NUCLEAR AND RENEWABLE ENERGY SYSTEMS ARE CONSIDERABLY LESS THAN THOSE OF FOSSIL-FUEL POWER SYSTEMS. INPARTICULAR,NUCLEAR,HYDRO AND GEOTHERMAL POWER SYSTEMS HAVE THE LOWEST CO2 EMISSION FACTORS. THEREFORE,INSTALLATION OF SUCH SYSTEMS IN JAPAN CANALLEVIATE THE GREENHOUSE-GAS PROBLEM RESULTING FROM POWER GENERATION,BECAUSE THE CO2 EMISSION FACTORS OF THESE SYSTEMS ARE LESS THAN THE AVERAGE VALUES OF THE PRESENT JAPANESE ELECTRICITY GENERATION. (3)AMONG CANDIDATE SYSTEMS TO REDUCE CO2 EMISSIONS,NUCLEAR ENERGY IS THE BEST IN ECONOMIC TERMS. REDUCING CO2 EMISSIONS OF RENEWABLE ENERGY PLANTS,EXCEPT HYDRO AND GEOTHERMAL POWER SYSTEMS,WILL RESULT IN A HUGE ECONOMIC BURDEN.

報告者

キーワード