報告書番号

Y97016

タイトル（和文）

わが国電気事業の長期費用構造の分析

タイトル（英文）

ANALYSIS OF LONG-RUN COST STRUC TURE IN JAPANESE ELECTRICITY IN DUSTRY

概要 （図表や脚注は「報告書全文」に掲載しております）

本研究は，わが国電気事業の自然独占性をその垂直構造に着目して検証したものである。つまり，典型的な装置産業である電気事業の費用を資本ストックが準固定的投入要素であるとして短期多段階可変費用関数を推定し，それを基に最適資本ストックを計算した上で，長期の生産段階別の規模の経済性と垂直統合の経済性の計測を行った。その結果，自然独占性を満たす企業は中規模事業者であり，他に関してはその自然独占性を肯定することも否定することもできないとの結論を得た。

概要 （英文）

WITH THE AIM OF A REDUCTION OF ELECTRIC SUPPLY COSTS BY INTRO DUCING COMPETITION IN THE POWER MARKET, VARIOUS DEREGULATION P LANS FOR THE ELECTRIC SUPPLY IN DUSTRY ARE DISCUSSED IN JAPAN. HOWEVER, EMPIRICAL GROUNDS FOR DEREGULATION THAT MEAN AN EXCLU SIVE VERTICAL INTEGRATED FIRM H AVE SOME UNECONOMIES AND INEFFI CIENCIES ARE AMBIGUOUS AND NOT AUTHORIZED. CONSEQUENTLY, IT IS NECESSARY FOR US TO VERIFY EMP IRICALLY ACTUAL DEGREES OF ECON OMIES AND EFFICIENCIES ABOUT TH E JAPANESE ELECTRIC SUPPLY INDU STRY TO ASSESS THE GROUNDS. IN THIS REPORT, WE VERIFIED A NATU RAL MONOPOLISTIC CONDITION, WHI CH WAS A SUFFICIENT CONDITION F OR COST SUBADDITIVITY, ABOUT TH E JAPANESE ELECTRICSUPPLY INDU STRY. MOREOVER, BY DIVIDING THE INTEGRATED PRODUCTION PROCESS INTO TWO STAGES, A GENERATION S TAGE AND A TRANSMISSION AND DIS TRIBUTION STAGE, WE INVESTIGATE D THE VERTICAL COST STRUCTURE. TO PUT THISWORK CONCRETELY, WE MEASURED TWO CONDITIONS, BOTH EXISTENCES OF PRODUCT-SPECIFIC ECONOMIES OF SCALE IN EVERY STA GE AND THE ECONOMIES OF VERTICA L INTEGRATION, THAT WERE COMBIN ED TO FORM A SUFFICIENT CONDITI ON FOR SUBADDITIVITY. THE TECHN IQUE THAT WE CHOSE TO ESTIMATE A LONG-RUN COST STRUCTURE OF A TYPICAL PROCESS INDUSTRY SUCH A S ELECTRIC SUPPLY CONSISTED OF A TWO-STEP CALCULATION. THE FIR ST STEP WAS AN ESTIMATION OF A RESTRICTIVE SHORT-RUN MULTI-STA GE VARIABLE COST FUNCTION BASED ON THE POOLED DATA OF NINE UTI LITIES FOR 1981-95. IN THE SECO ND STEP, LONG-RUN COST VARIABLE S SUCH AS INDICES O ECONOMIES W ERE DERIVED FROM ESTIMATES OF T HE SHORT-RUN COST FUNCTION. THE RESULT OF OUR WORK IS AS FOLLO WS:(1)THE STATAUS OF SCALE ECON OMIES OF NINE UTILITIES IS CLAS SIFIED BY RESULTS INTO THREE GR OUPS OF FIRMS. THE FIRST GROUP (WE CALL GROUP A), WHOSE MEMBER S ARE RELATIVELY LARGE-SCALE FI RMS, ALL ENJOY PRODUCT-SPECIFIC ECONOMIES OF SCALE IN THE TRAN SMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION STAGE BUT EXHAUST SOME IN THE GENERA TION STAGE. ALL OF THE SECOND G ROUP(GROUP B),THAT CONSISTS OF RELATIVE

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