Japanese Top Runner Approach for energy efficiency standards

In 1998, Japan initiated a unique program-the Top Runner Approach-to improve energy efficiency of end-use products and to develop "the world's best energy-efficient products." By 2009, the program had achieved mandatory energy efficiency standards for 21 products. It is now considered as one of the major pillars of Japanese climate policy. This paper examines 12 years' experience of the program. It first overviews the structure of the Top Runner Approach and illustrating its impacts, followed by a discussion on the various issues associated with the Approach and concluding with some implications.